快速除去氧化皮酸洗工艺
发布时间:2006-09-01
发布者: 张力 专家
阅读量: 9732
评论数: 40
  碳钢或低、中碳合金钢制紧固件在潮湿的环境下易锈蚀,在热镦锻和红冲过程中,会形成黑色而致密的氧化皮,既影响美观,又给后处理带来不便,通常可用喷砂、喷丸和加热酸洗以及常温酸洗来除锈和除去氧化皮。下面介绍一种快速除去氧化皮酸洗工艺。   1、基础配方   根据文献《化学清洗实用技术》、《钢铁材料酸洗化学》、《酸洗除锈技术》等介绍,确立了以盐酸为主的常温酸洗除去氧化皮工艺的基础配方(1L溶液)为:   盐酸420mL,乌洛托品5g,十二烷基硫酸钠5g,草酸5g,OP-10 5g,添加剂10mL,磷酸14mL。   盐酸是主要成分;磷酸的加入可提高酸洗速度;草酸可与Fe2+、Fe3+络合,加快氧化皮溶解;添加剂也可与Fe2+、Fe3+络合,明显加快氧化皮溶解;十二烷基硫酸钠起润滑和渗透作用;OP-10有渗透作用,同时还有抑雾作用。   2、含量的确定   盐酸酸洗从420mL盐酸加至1000mL中,结果氧化皮全部去除所用时间为48min,单位面积失重为118g/m2 ;基础配方盐酸为420mL时,氧化皮全部去除所用时间为23min,单位面积失重为101g/m2。   乌洛托品的加入不但降低了氧化皮的清除速度,增加了酸洗时间。从1g到5g的加入对基体的浸蚀略有增加,造成麻点、凹坑。   十二烷基硫酸钠从1g到5g的分别加入试验,仅加入1g酸洗就有所加快,再继续增加用量,酸洗的速度加快并不明显。   草酸从1g到5g的分别加入试验,随着草酸量的增加,氧化皮的清除速度随之加快,超过5g时酸洗速度增加不明显。   OP-10从1g到10g的分别加入试验,加入1g时氧化皮清除速度加快,再继续增加,速度增加不明显,但加入后酸雾明显减少。   添加剂从1g到10g的分别加入试验,加入添加剂氧化皮溶解速度加快,当浓度大于10mL时,速度增加并不明显。   磷酸分别为14、28、42、56、70、140mL溶液中加水到1000mL分别进行试验,磷酸浓度增加使氧化皮清除速度加快,但超过56mL后速度增加已经不明显。因此,确定磷酸的含量为56mL/L。采用该配方氧化皮去除时间为约16min,与盐酸酸洗相比较是其30%,大大缩短了氧化皮的去除时间。   3、结论   本工艺的最佳配方(1L溶液):盐酸42mL;十二烷基硫酸钠10g;草酸5g;OP-10 10g;添加剂10mL;磷酸56mL。   该配方去除氧化皮的速度比盐酸溶液时间缩短70%。
全部评论 共 40
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